If you are trying to work with the IRS on an installment payment agreement of your tax debt, you may be wondering exactly how they determine who gets approved and who does not. It probably feels like, “which way is the wind blowing that day?”
rs-irs-audits
Who is Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf? – About the IRS
So now I want to talk a little bit about the IRS itself. The IRS itself, what I commonly say about the IRS is, “Who is afraid of the big bad wolf?” It’s the IRS has mystique about them. They are viewed as this big albatross of a government agency with unlimited power and they have the ability to put people in jail or take their houses away or any number of really negative nasty connotations. This culture of fear surrounding the IRS has been perpetuated number one, by the tax resolution industry which tries to use fear marketing to target clients and then the other really by the IRS itself. In actuality, the IRS is a small organization that has very limited resources and relies on putting fear in the people to motivate them to action. The IRS is trying to solve the problem about $85 billion tax gap. And that tax gap is a result of people either not filing returns or not paying what they owe.
What Causes a Balance Due
One of the first things I want to talk about is what causes a balance due. Balance due is tax liability that is owed to the government. There are four basic ways that balance dues occur. The first is you file tax return showing a liability that’s owed to the government that is not paid. If a tax payer files a return, they owe $10,000. They don’t include the check with that. That will create a balance due within the IRS system. The second way that balance dues are formed is through the matching program that the IRS has. When the tax payer files a tax return not showing a tax liability but there are either errors or omissions on that tax return, then the IRS will make a correction. Oftentimes, the issue of the correction through which is called the CP2000 notice, tax payer will file a return.
Substitute for Returns (SFR)
The final way that balance dues are created is through what’s called substitute for return. When you have a case of a non-filer, if the taxpayer doesn’t file a return for a year and the IRS will see a way to income information for that taxpayer or any number of other third party data sources, then the IRS will create a return for the taxpayer. That’s what is known as substitute for return or SFR. If you’re calling the IRS and the IRS indicates the taxpayer has SFRs on file, that means the taxpayer didn’t file a return. Those SFRs can simply be corrected through a tax return and putting something on the IRS system with the SFR liability. Generally, the statute for any changes through examination is three years with some exceptions. There’s exceptions for fraud which can extend the statue up for six. And there’s also an exception for SFRs. Any time a taxpayer does not file a return, the IRS can technically go back and file a return on their behalf.
Overview of IRS Examination Process – Three Types of Audits
Briefly I want to cover just a brief overview of the IRS examination process since it is one of the principle ways that balance dues are created. With respect to audits as I mentioned earlier, there are three types of audits. There are correspondence audits, there are office audits and there are what we call field audits. With the diminished IRS resources, the IRS is spending more and more correspondence on fairly simple issues. And even issues in the past that required some documentation like the IRS is challenging a taxpayer’s auto expense. Those audits are being handled more and more by correspondence.
How Tax Returns are Selected For Audit
I have several attorney clients. Attorneys by the way make the worst clients.
More about Automated Collections Systems
As a result of that, there are some things that you should note about ACS. Number one is that most of their collections agents do not handle the same case twice. Because they don’t handle the same case twice, you’re often relying on the ACS agent to take very detailed notes about the call, discuss time tables and actions. Unfortunately, sometimes they don’t keep the best notes. It’s really important as a practitioner to keep notes and records every time you all ACS so that you can best document your case, so that you have an understanding of what was said. That way, if there’s any dispute later, if the IRS levies your client or if there’s any other negative action taken, you’ve got the name of the ACS agent, you’ve got their ID number, you got the date and time of your call. And by having those pieces of information when dealing with their supervisor saying, “Hey, so and so told me that we weren’t going to levy and they went ahead and levied.”
Revenue Officers
Now I’d like to talk a little bit about Revenue Officers. A revenue officer is a local IRS agent. One of the local field officers in the IRS, there has quite a few across the country. We have two here in San Diego. A revenue officer is an individual collection agent. Most offices have anywhere between 10 and 50 revenue agents. Some have more. Some of the bigger IRS offices in California. Or some of the other ones who have more agents. Some will have less. An IRS revenue officer is a specially-trained collection agent. We’ve pull the IRS’s job description for revenue agents: They conduct face-to-face interviews with taxpayers. They analyze financial information. They collect moneys. They seize assets and property. They try to resolve tax issues. They garnish bank accounts and they educate taxpayers as to their filing and paying obligations. Those are the principal jobs of a revenue officer. As a practical manner, a revenue officer is assigned about 40 collection cases and gives each one of those cases special attention. Special attention when it comes to the IRS is not a good thing. Revenue officers – by their job description – are mandated to try and make personal field contact with the taxpayers.
Collection Action a Revenue Officer Can Take
Let’s talk a little bit briefly about IRS revenue officers’ specific collection actions. All collection agents within the IRS can either lien or levy. They can seize assets. They can garnish wages. But revenue officers have a couple of things that they can do that are particularly unique to their style or classes. The first thing I mentioned was field visits. IRS personnel can visit your client or they can investigate third-party sources. They can go knock on neighbor’s doors. They can knock on employer’s doors. They can track down former employer. If the taxpayer on a business, they can go after your customers. The IRS revenue officers have broad latitude in contacting third parties for information on tax payers. No, they do not have to provide you with notice before they make those calls. When dealing with a revenue officer, if you’ve got a client who is particularly concerned about their business or their privacy, it is important to make contact with that revenue officer and dissuade those face-to-face visits as soon as possible. The second thing that revenue officers tend to do is enforce things called IRS administrative summons. The IRS will issue a summons for records, oftentimes to banks or to taxpayers or to other parties requesting information or face-to-face interviews.
Differences Between the Federal Tax System and the California State Tax System
Briefly I want to talk to you about differences between the federal tax system and the state tax system. As I mentioned, due to limited resources state are usually more aggressive in their collection tactics and their examination tactics than the federal government and the principal reason for this is because taxation for the states is the principal source of revenue racing. A lot of times when there is a budget shortfall the state will lean on their self tax and the federal tax bureau will lean on the income tax to help mandate collections priorities and help raise revenues either through collecting past due liabilities or examining returns and finding new ones. In general, the states because of their limited resources will rely more on in voluntary collections actions than field representatives so there’s much greater reliance at the state level for collections processes that are instituted from a remote location so for example in California the main center of operation for the FTV which is the Franchise Tax for the State of California income tax bureau is in Sacramento. Most FTV actions are initiated from the Sacramento office whether they are levis, phone calls, contacts with tax payers, or any sort of collection actions. The states have limited resources at the local level.